These do not include any songs where he was featured on another artist’s song. The final dataset includes 162 Drake songs found on Spotify. (For further information and examples, please refer to this article )Īdditional lyrical data was web-scraped using a python package created by johnwmillr leveraging the web API of popular lyrics website, Genius. Values between 0.33 and 0.66 describe tracks that may contain both music and speech, either in sections or layered, including such cases as rap music. Speechiness: The presence of spoken words in a track.Useful for comparing relative loudness of tracks Loudness: Overall loudness in decibels (dB) averaged across the entire track.Values above 0.5 are intended to represent instrumentals “Ooh” and “aah” sounds are treated as instrumental, while rap or spoken word are clearly “vocal”. Instrumentalness: Predicts whether a track contains no vocals.Features that contribute to this attribute include dynamic range, perceived loudness, timbre, onset rate, and general entropy Energy: A perceptual measure of intensity and activity.Danceability: How danceable a song based on musical elements including tempo, rhythm stability, beat strength, and overall regularity.Acousticness: Confidence measurement of whether the track is acoustic.
The primary dataset was obtained via Spotify’s Web API containing musical attributes from Echo Nest that are defined below: To further analyze his versatility and musical evolution I set out to use machine learning to identify changing patterns within his music and create clusters (groupings) based on metrics of each song. While many will argue over the authenticity of his approach, its success is undisputed. From UK grime to dancehall to reggaeton, he’s shown that there’s no sound he can’t adapt to. Drake’s biggest strength is that he can seamlessly transition from hip-hop bravado to moody ballads that strike the perfect balance between sensitivity and relatability.
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In an industry full of one-hit wonders and ch anging fads, what has allowed this former teen-drama actor to stay atop the game? The answer is versatility. In the decade since his critically acclaimed mixtape, So Far Gone, Drake has released 7 solo projects and 1 joint mixtape on his way to becoming the most streamed artist of all time. The Canadian rapper-singer dominates both the pop charts and internet meme culture. By doing so, it uses the copyrighted work for ‘a purpose, or imbues it with a character, different from that for which it was created.Aubrey “ Drake” Graham is one of today’s biggest music superstars. In this manner, ‘Pound Cake’ criticizes the jazz-elitism that the ‘Jimmy Smith Rap’ espouses. Through both the alteration of the ‘Jimmy Smith Rap’ and the rest of the rap’s lyrics, ‘Pound Cake’ emphasizes that it is not the genre but the authenticity of the music that matters. Beyond the text of the lyrics themselves, ‘Pound Cake’ situates its sampling of approximately thirty-five seconds of the ‘Jimmy Smith Rap’ at the beginning of an approximately seven-minute-long hip-hop song in which Drake and Shawn Carter, professionally known as Jay-Z, rap about the greatness and authenticity of their work. On the other hand, ‘Pound Cake’ sends a counter message - that it is not jazz music that reigns supreme, but rather all ‘real music,’ regardless of genre. The message of the ‘Jimmy Smith Rap’ is one about the supremacy of jazz to the derogation of other types of music, which - unlike jazz - will not last.
Taking on one element of fair use, it reads, “A work is transformative when it ‘uses the copyrighted material itself for a purpose, or imbues it with a character, different from that for which it was created.’ ‘Pound Cake’ does just that. The order goes into substantial detail in looking at the passage in question, which features Drake and Jay-Z rapping. The decision is unusual, not only because fair-use rulings are rare in songwriting cases, but also because in this era courts are largely favoring plaintiffs in cases like Robin Thicke and Pharrell’s “Blurred Lines” and Katy Perry’s “Dark Horse.” The news was first reported by The Hollywood Reporter. Drake’s song appeared on his 2013 album “Nothing Was the Same.” The Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed today that Drake’s use of the 1982 recording “Jimmy Smith Rap” in his song “Pound Cake/Paris Morton Music 2” was fair use of the copyrighted work.